Historical+Places+of+Tashkent

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Welcome to Historical places of Tashkent! Hello! We are the students of The Uzbek State University of World Languages, IELTE program: Iroda, Lilya, Malika, Diana and Sardor. Our topic is about historical places of Tashkent, as we want to show the whole world how our city is beautiful and ancient. We are sure that it will be interesting to read, because Uzbekistan is a beautiful and picturesque country with a very rich culture and centuries-old history. Our country is famous for its large amount of amazing historical places. One of the most famous historical cities is the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan - Tashkent. It is a city were you can meet both historical and modern monuments, buildings. however, our city is famous for its wonderful and unique sightseeings, such as mosques, madrassahs, museums and galleries, which attract lots of tourists from different countries. Sometimes, even citizens are surprised how the city can be so beautiful. We have chosen several historical places, and now you are welcome to our page! We will describe you such amazing places as Madrassah Kukeldash, Amir Temur Monument, Chorsu bazar, the Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre and Hazrati Imam.

= = Madrassah Kukeldash

(Madrassah (Arabic: madrasah pl. madāris) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). It is variously transliterated as madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, madarsa, medrese and etc) The wonderful masterpiece and pride of Tashkent city, connecting past and present is - Madrassah Kukeldash. Beauty of this monument attracts both tourists and townspeople. It is the most fabulous and the most famous historical building in Tashkent. For many years it has the center of the city’s life: situated nearby was the market square, caravanserai, cr aftsmen's quarters; the heralds proclaimed edicts of rulers, public executions were held; the residents shared news and rumors. Today Kukeldash is still the center of the so-called “Old Town” ("Eski Shahar) : bazaar is still there, caravanserais were replaced by Chor-Su Hotel; as for the craftsmen's quarters, despite the de velopment of industry the secrets of the masters are still passed from generation to generation.

Kukeldash has seen a lot: it was used as a fortress and a hotel, it sur vived two earthquakes. Now there, like four centuries ago, is the madrassa and the mosque. From the towers on the corners of the building the people are summoned to prayers. The cells are inhabited by students; the building’s left side is for religious services. Once being in Tashkent, certainly visit Kukeldash. It is not only an interesting historical monument, but a great start for a short trip to "old" city. It is located on a high hill in the area of Chorsu square. The entrance is free of charge. The Madrassah was built by a vezir of the Tashkent khans (1551-1575), called Kukeldash ("the foster-brother of the khan"). The Madrassah has a traditional composition: an extensive court yard, built on khudjras, with darskhana and a mosque in the corners. The main entrance, 19.7 m. high, which is arranged as imposing portal, leads to the courtyard that is bordered by two-storied hostels in the form of sections. Each section consists of a room and entrance niche - ayvana. Two or three students occupied each room. The towers (guldasta) at the corners serve for muezzins (azanchi), when they call believers for worship (namaz). The madrasah proportions: outward: 63 x 45 m., courtyard: 38 x 87 m. 

At the end of the 18th century, the madrassah was used as a caravanserai, in 1860 it served the khans of Kokand as a fortress, and also as a place of execution (from the top parapet, women convicted of infidelity were dumped in bags onto a platform covered with stones). Madrassah Kukeldash is one of the largest Madrassahs of 16th century still preserved in Central Asia, with the advanced layout and specific construction of that time. The Madrassah was constructed from baked brick. Only one facade is decorated. On the portal, the remains of carved decor, glazed bricks and majolica have been preserved: they were restored in 1950. The monument has a huge historic and architectural value. Madrassah Kukeldash, despite its critical condition, was preserved and restored.

Amir Temur Square.



Amir Temur Square is located in the heart of the Tashkent city, and it has its own history. It was called as Kaufman Square. Then it was renamed and was known as Karl Marks Square, but after the Independence in 1991 Amir Temur Square was renamed after Amir Temur the Great Uzbek Soldier, Warrior, Leader, and Ruler.There is the majestic Statute of Amir Temur on the horse in the center of the square. The Statute faces the Independence Square and between the two squares is located Broadway. Amir Temur Museum, Hotel Uzbekistan, Broadway Tashkent, Khokimiyat Tashkent and Clock Tower of Tashkent are located next to Amir Temur Square.



Amir Temur Monument.

In the center of the square there is a beautiful and attractive monument of Amir Temur (Tamerlan) who was the main political figure and military leader of the Middle Ages. He created a huge united empire which had been stretching from Caucasus till China and from Siberia till India. This empire had a long existence for 200 years (XIV-XVcc.). The horseman mighty attitude and his outstretched hand symbolize protection, promise of peace and prosperity.

Amir Temur monument and square were created in 1993 based on the project and initiated by the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov.



The inscription on the monument says: “**The strength is in justice**”.

Amir Timur Museum

State Museum of History of Temurids opened in Tashkent on 18 October, 1996. The museum was placed in the center of Tashkent for the 660-year anniversary of Amir Temur, and has an unusual shape, in the shape of a dome.The museum is well known for its distinctive blue dome and great historical exhibits, such as jewelery, weaponry, military attire and regalia, musical instruments, manuscripts, personal effects of Amir Temur, Babur, astronomical instruments of Ulugbek and many other cultural treasures of the Temurids era. It has a circular form with ribbed dome decorated with blue majolica, parapets on the roof, open aywan and orderly pillars. White marbles were used in the decoration of pillars, floor and front stairs.

The building has three floors.The ground floor is designed for office facilities. The first and second floors represent the exhibitions of the museum.



==== We went to this wonderful museum with our group, and we were impressed with it very much! We walked around and took some photos. Let's open the gates, and look at some of them! ====



Many grooms and wifes come to the Amir Temur museum to take photos. Nowadays this tradition becomes more popular.



= Chorsu Bazaar

= ====Chorsu bazaar is one of the ancient and largest bazaar in Central Asia. It is located in so-called "Old City", near the medressah Kukeldash and Khazrati-Imam mosque.The age of Tashkent Bazaar Chorsu ismore than hundred years. Its old construction was destroyed, but people try to safe the traditional, ancient architecture of Bazaar. The tendency of construction of such bazaars with a complex of covered premises began in XI century and went on up to XIII century. Today it is the unique complex of trade halls covered with interrelated blue domes.The central part of bazaar is the main domed construction, patterned with oriental ornament, its diameter is nearly 300-350 meters. The Bazaar is divided into several sell pavilions ( sections) that are located under seven huge domes covered with colored glazed tiles. In the fruit and vegetable sections you are dazzled by large amount of different goods. On the stalls are piles of sweet apples and pears, peaches, prunes, and bunches of black, green and sweet grapes. The yellow figs are covered with green leaves. And there are a great amount of huge watermelons and melons. In another pavilion you get enveloped in a cloud of spicy aromas. There are so many of them here! Saffron and cinnamon, red and black pepper, cloves, nutmegs, cardamom, caraway seeds, and cumin seeds, without which traditional Uzbek Plov can not be made. Under another dome fresh mutton and choice beef are on display. Here and there sacks with of rice are piled, navat-sugar crystals glitter. In the carpet section you will be offered by fabulous carpets from Khiva, Samarkand and Bukhara. ==== ====From the ancient times till today Chorsu Bazaar has been surrounded by craftsmen’s shops where they make and sale jewelry and knives patterned with traditional Uzbek ornament, wicker baskets, musical instruments, hand-made souvenirs, clay and china plates and metal trays of different sizes and shapes. ==== ====Bazaar is the heart of every oriental city, the center of public life people gather here discuss or tell news or gossip, meet their friends, or just to have a rest in cozy choykhana (traditional Uzbek cafe) eating plov and delicious lepeshka (Uzbek bread), or drinking green tea with traditional Uzbek sweets. In old days bazaars were the places of entertaining events of the city, such as theatrical performances, but nowadays you also can meet a group of singers singing old Uzbek songs and playing the traditional musical instruments. ==== = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre Theater Square with its shady chestnut alleys, well-groomed flowerbeds and cooling fountains has been for a long time one of the favorite rest places of Tashkent’s residents. In the center of the square stands the building of the Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre. Its appearance elegantly blends the design philosophy of a

classical theater building and traditions of oriental architecture. Huge slightly pointed main entrance arches on massive abutments remind you of the shady ayvan-terraces of Asian madrasah-schools. High portal with a stalactite cornice is topped with little turrets that are similar to those decorating upper parts of Bukhara minarets. The elaborate design of the building, the combination of shade and light in the loggias covered by deep arches, the decorative engravings on polished Gazgan marble against brickwork – all these give an unforgettable impression… Thus it is not without reason that the picture of the theater is sometimes used as a “visiting card” of Tashkent.



The history of this Uzbekistan’s oldest opera theater began with setting up a national ethnic ensemble in 1926. The first musical and drama performances having been a great success, the ensemble was awarded the status of the State Uzbek Theater. Soon professional vocalists with high acting technique joined the theatre troupe. In 1939, after the premiere of the first Uzbek opera ‘Blizzard’ by the young composers M. Ashrafiy and S. Vasilenko, the construction of the new theater building started. The world-famous architect, academician A. V. Shusev was commissioned to design and supervise the construction. A. V. Shusev was the author of the well-known Moskva hotel, Komsomolskaya metro station, Kazanskiy Railway Station.



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The construction site was designated to be in the center of the city, at the place of Voskresenskiy Bazaar, which had been op <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">erating there since the end of the 19th century. The construction was in full swing when World War II began. The work was temporarily stopped and it resumed in 1945, with Japanese prisoners of war being used as labour force.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In 1947 the new building of the Alisher Navoi State Academic Bolshoi Theater opened its fretted doors to the audience. The 1500-seat theatre house has high acoustic qualities; from its ceiling there hangs a huge crystal chandelier. The well-known artist Chinghiz Akhmarov covered the walls of the foyer with paintings that depict scenes from Alisher Navoi’s poetry. Yet the most festive are six lobbies decorated with gunch-stucco carvings. The best republic’s masters, representing various traditional Uzbek schools, carried out decorative works under the leadership of the famous gunchkor-artist Usto Shirin Murodov. In “Khiva” lobby simple girih geometrical patterns and rosettes intermix with intricately intertwining spirals of plant shoots. “Samarkand” lobby is <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">decorated with two-layer openwork panels made in islimi style. The decorations in “Ferghana” lobby amaze the visitors with refinement and patterns variety. For decoration of “Termez” lobby there were used the ancient gunch-stucco carving patterns which used to embellish the 12th-century palace of Termez ruler. «Bukhara» lobby, decorated by Usto Shirin Murodov himself, fascinates by completeness and harmony of its open-work panels against mirror surface.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">During the years of its existence the theater has staged around 400 new productions. The high professional skills of the opera singers and ballet dancers allow to stage world-famous classical operas and ballets. In the theater house they play the music by Verdi, Bizet, Puccini, Adam, Chaikovsky... The theater also presents Uzbek operas and ballets including such popular among the local audience performances

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">opera “Dilorom” by M. Ashrafi and the ballet “Tamiris” by U. Musaev. The stage of the theatre is often put into disposal of foreign touring theatre troupes and artists.

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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Within several decades around Theater Square there were built the monumental building of Shark Publishing Concern, the department store, the State Bank, the Tashkent-Palace hotel. But the main building in the area is still the Alisher Navoi Theater. Every evening a crowd of smart-looking opera and ballet admirers can be seen at its main entrance, whereas bright posters announce the new performances.



= =  HAZRATI IMAM During the development of the Middle Ages in the vicinity of Tashkent's happened a few settlements with cult memorial. Gradually they entered the city limits, and now the historical and architectural monuments such arrays have become landmarks in Tashkent. Many residents and visitors is a natural interest in the past these architectural ensembles and the root causes of construction in their mausoleums.

The beginning of development in the future under the Hazrati Imam was laid Abubakirov Muhammad - one of the greatest imams of the Muslim world of X century. Born and raised in the city Binkent theologian, sometimes called "Madina Shash. In his younger years was a craftsman - locksmith, which subsequently has added to its name the word "Kaffal" (ie, a locksmith) and Shashi (ie, a native of Shasha). In the middle of the X century Abubakir Muhammad became a hermit and lived in the countryside north of external pa-Badan Binkent, near the ancient canal Kalkauz. Closest to him was the largest settlement in the area Chorsu, where there was a bazaar. There selling handicrafts made by him and his disciples.

After the death of Abubakirov Shashi over his grave was erected the mausoleum, which became one of the most revered holy sites of the Tashkent region and called the Hazrati Imam (Holy Imam). Sanctity of the tomb has entailed the construction of mosques Namazgokh which were great holidays and countryside services. But by the middle of the XV century in connection with construction of the mausoleum of Sheikh Hovendi Tohura (Shayhantohura) the Hazrati Imam left unattended rulers Tashkent.

It was only during the reign of the dynasty tomb Sheibanids Abubakirov Shashi regained function of the main cult memorial. Then, in the village of Hazrat Imam founded the cemetery, where, apart from the townspeople buried members of high society and religious ministry. At the beginning of the XVI century at some distance from kladoischa was buried governor Sheybanihana in Tashkent - the great-grandson of Amir Temur and his grandson Ulugbek - Suyundzhhan. Later it was elevated to the mausoleum of his name, and then madrassas Barakhana.

During the reign of Sheibanids territory cult memorial equip with modern conveniences, planting trees, and even adds new objects.

In the XVI century, tree-lined shore Kalkauza and departing from it channels become one of the favorite places of the rulers of Tashkent.

In the XIX century, after nearly two and a half centuries of stagnation in the building complex of Hazrat Imam was amended in the form of new buildings - Tilla Sheikh mosque and madrassa Muymuborak. Related to these new buildings with an extremely dilapidated state while madrassas Barakhana and its member Dynasty mausoleums Temurids and Sheibanids. These works were completed the formation of an architectural ensemble of Hazrat Imam. However, the most significant changes in the complex has undergone a 20 - 80 years of the last century. The oldest and most important historical and architectural ensemble of modern Tashkent, located in the heart of old town, for many decades been used for the needs of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. In the madrasa Barakhana settled administrative apparatus Spiritual Directorate and the Mosque of Tilla Sheikh mosque was a Catholic city.

In addition, many religious sites were given for housing. At that time, the mausoleum of Hazrat Imam and madrassas Barakhana, partially restored, with the participation of craftsmen, were surrounded by malovyrazitelnoy residential area and are deprived of the show numerous local and foreign tourists. But despite the improvement and landscaping of the territory by the main entrance and courtyard of the complex produced a depressing effect. In addition, the 60-ies on the site of an ancient cemetery in a few dozen meters from the mausoleum of Hazrat Imam was built cinema, what was damaged architectural monument.

The beginning of the reconstruction of memorial complex Hazrat Imam was laid in the 90 years. After the expansion of the old streets of Kara-shed and Sagban appeared real conditions for reconstruction. In the design was defined planning structure and shape of the future of the complex. In 2006 began active construction work, which resulted in an old building close to the territory of the religious complex was replaced. Instead, it spread around the green lawns, were also removed low-value chaotic clutter of chaotic outbuildings near historic monuments.

Redevelopment area Hazrat Imam showed that the expansion area of ​​the complex meets the requirements of modern development of the old city center. The main building of the complex - its historical core continues to serve as a mausoleum Abubakirov Shashi. This monument, after the demolition of buildings was close to a large landscaped area, which allows you to feel the power and beauty of the ancient buildings. Monument restored its monumentality and the picturesque.

After the demolition of small buildings and a proper reconstruction of acquired original appearance madrassas Barakhana two mausoleums Suyundzhhana and "Nameless", and Tilla Sheikh mosque and madrassa Muymuborak. These two monuments organically fit into the overall green background of the complex, but in the long run from them originally viewed the majestic mausoleum of Hazrat Imam and madrassas Barakhana.

New installations of the complex - Hazrati Imam Mosque, the building of Muslims of Uzbekistan, the Islamic Institute. Imam Bukhari, erected in the eastern part of the complex, as well as the construction of two minarets emphasize the monumentality of the whole architectural ensemble, making it dominant in the structure of old Tashkent. The whole cult band, renovated and completed in a single style, which includes the best traditions of national architecture, looks majestic and harmonious.

Also noteworthy is the oldest canal Kalkauz. For many centuries, its water is fed by moisture surrounding gardens and orchards, as a source of livelihood of people living nearby. Today, a segment of the channel, flowing through the territory of the complex was reconstructed. Its shores, lined with pebbles, more reliable and expressive.

In general, pale ocher-texture brick walls and blue and blue-glazed figures ornament decorated in typical Tashkent school of architecture decoration. And today, thanks to humane attitude to the leadership of ancient monuments and the great attention paid by President of Uzbekistan to restore them, cult memorial Hazrat Imam got a new face, taking one of the main locations on the map of our capital. [|Jahonnews]







====CONCLUSION: To sum up everything we wrote, we can hope that we were able to show the mystery, glory of these wonderful masterpieces of the history of our capital city, and gave you a chance to feel a little piece of our old city Tashkent! We advice everyone to come and watch (yes, surely watch, not see) these places themselves! If you read our page carefully, you would understand that Tashkent is a very beautiful and amazing city, which has a large amount of attractive sightseeing places. We enjoyed visiting and learning about them very much!!! Thank you for your attention! ====

REFERENCES: www.en.wikipedia.org <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.sairamtour.com <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.advantour.com
 * Madrassah Kukeldash:**

====**<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">Amir Temur square: **==== <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.orexCA.com <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.tashkenthotels.ru <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.uzbekembassy.org

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.tripadvisor.com <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.myphotographs.net/uzbekistan/ <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">www.orexca.com
 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;">Chorsu bazar: **

**Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre:** www.tashkenthotels.ru/eng/tashkent/teatr-navoi.htm www.en.wikipedia.org

www.jahonnews.uz/rus/rubriki/sobitiya_i_dati/tashkentu_2200_let/kompleks_xazrati_imam_gordost_stolitsy.mgr
 * Hazrati Imam:**

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